Leninism:A Theory and Practice That Keep Abreast of the Times　Abstracts: The establishment of Leninism is a process of arduous exploration and polemics and a process of consistent creation keeping abreast of the times. Leninism experienced two major leaps. The first leap was that socialist revolution could triumph in a single country. The second leap was that only by pursuing a new economic policy in a complete historical era could Russia as a peasant country expect to complete the building of socialism. Unfortunately, the new economic policy was abandoned prematurely.?/P>

        The Enactment of the Russian Political Party Law: Context, Main Contents and Impact　　Abstracts: Post-independence Russia followed a multi-party system. Many political parties came into being. They had sophisticated class compositions and factional strife went rampant, resulting in serious negative influence on the political situation in Russia. After coming to power, Vladimir Putin accelerated the process of party governance by law and the political parties came to a basic consensus on the issue of formulating a political party law.

        The first part of this article expounds the process of the context, deliberations and adoption of the Russian Political Party Law, stressing that this was an important measure taken by Putin to govern political parties according to law and to stabilize the domestic political situation.

        The second part expounds the main features of the law, giving a brief account of the law.

        The third part analyzes the impact of the law on the Russian political situation after its adoption, noting that the law will play a positive role in promoting a stable political situation and in setting up a two- or three-party system in Russia. But it may also bring some negative influence to the Russian political arena in the immediate future.

        Impact of Ownership Arrangements on Economic Performance——Investigations of Russian Industrial Enterprises　　Abstracts: A different structure of ownership came into being following the privatization of large and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. Surveys showed that different ownership arrangements rendered significantly different economic performances in those enterprises.

        Taken as whole, externally controlled enterprises led by financial institutions became better guaranteed with good economic benefits thanks to strong external financing capacity. On the other hand, the externally controlled enterprises of non-financial institutions had very poor economic performance due to the complicated composition of their external personnel as well as the control of enterprise leadership.

        In the insider-controlled enterprises, the ownership by workers and staff failed to yield the anticipated effects. But under the stock holding by the management, the enterprises demonstrated a fairly strong economic advantage because they had substantively overcome the deficiency in company organizational form.

        Corporate Governance in Russia　Abstracts: Russian corporations were a result of artificial transformation of grassroots units of the Soviet national economy. This determined the particularity of these corporations as distinctively different from those engendered naturally in the market economies. In terms of corporate governance structure, the particularity finds expression in the fact that they share some features of both the British-American type and the German-Japan type in their corporate governance model. They feature a premature comprehensive governance structure peculiar to a transitional state. The special features of such a governance structure are: ill balance in the combination of corporate surplus search and controlling power, excessive internal control, dislocation between equities and capital, integration of mandates and commission, ill balance between management and business operation. The result is inefficient operation of the enterprises. The fundamental question of corporate governance structure in Russia is the deficiency of the main body, an infantile market and the lack of practical protection of property rights. It will take time for corporate governance structure in Russia to become mature and rational. 　

        On Political Factors in Russian Economic Crisis　　Abstracts: The relations between economic development and political stability are very complicated in realistic social endeavor. The proper handling of these relations in the transition from a planned economy to a market economy is of particular importance. Political stability includes such factors as stability in state sovereignty, in political power, in government and in policy. Instability at any of these levels would lead to instability in political career, bringing adverse effect to social and economic development. Russia has been in such comprehensive political instability since the beginning of the 1990s. It has been in chaos and disorder ranging from state sovereignty to political power and from government to policy. This was extremely unfavorable to its social and economic transition and economic development. Political instability makes it more difficult to materialize the economic transition and to get rid of economic crisis. Russian history in the last decade of the twentieth century proved that sustained political instability was one of the important reasons for the failure of Russia to extricate itself from economic crisis over a long period of time. The series of measures taken by Putin to defend political stability after he took power not only raised his personal political prestige, but also created a favorable political environment for Russia to rid itself of the economic crunch. ?/P>

        Lessons to be drawn from Russian Foreign Policy Abstracts: There were eight lessons to be drawn from the Russian foreign policy in the 1990s. They were:

        1. Cherishing fond illusions of the West,

        2. Borrowing so huge debts as to endanger policy independence,

        3. Differentiating itself from other countries on the basis of ideological line and suspending all traditional international ties,

        4. Making foreign policy a tool of power struggle,

        5. Ill balance between the goal and the means,

        6. Placing internal policy and foreign policy upside down,

        7. Asking a sky-high price first and then beating one retreat after another, and

        8. Failing to really implement an economic policy of opening up to the outside world.

        Summing up the causes of Russian foreign policy errors under contemporary conditions will bring us realistic benefits.

        Translator's note: Concerning the sponsorship of the magazine, etc., please use the original English version.